Bible Study Psalms 80
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Psalms 80 · WEB

Restore Us, God

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Hear us, Shepherd of Israel, you who lead Joseph like a flock, you who sit above the cherubim, shine out.
2Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up your might! Come to save us!
3Turn us again, God. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.
4Yahweh God of Armies, how long will you be angry against the prayer of your people?
5You have fed them with the bread of tears, and given them tears to drink in large measure.
6You make us a source of contention to our neighbors. Our enemies laugh among themselves.
7Turn us again, God of Armies. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.
8You brought a vine out of Egypt. You drove out the nations, and planted it.
9You cleared the ground for it. It took deep root, and filled the land.
10The mountains were covered with its shadow. Its boughs were like God's cedars.
11It sent out its branches to the sea, its shoots to the River.
12Why have you broken down its walls, so that all those who pass by pluck it?
13The boar out of the wood ravages it. The wild animals of the field feed on it.
14Turn again, we beg you, God of Armies. Look down from heaven, and see, and visit this vine,
15the stock which your right hand planted, the branch that you made strong for yourself.
16It's burned with fire. It's cut down. They perish at your rebuke.
17Let your hand be on the man of your right hand, on the son of man whom you made strong for yourself.
18So we will not turn away from you. Revive us, and we will call on your name.
19Turn us again, Yahweh God of Armies. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.

Summary

Psalm 80 is a communal lament organized around a triple refrain: "Turn us again, God. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved." The vine allegory — Israel brought from Egypt, planted, rooted, filling the land — and then stripped of its walls and ravaged by wild animals (the enemy nations) — is one of the most developed uses of vineyard imagery in the Psalter. The prayer for "the man of your right hand, the son of man" (v. 17) has been read as a Messianic reference to the king who will restore the nation.

Themes

  • The shining face of God as the source of salvation — repeated as a refrain
  • Israel as the vine planted by God, now devastated
  • The paradox: God broke down the walls he built
  • The intercessory cry to "turn us again" — renewal as divine initiative
  • The son of man at God's right hand as the messianic hope

Key verses

  • Ps 80:17 — “Let your hand be on the man of your right hand, on the son of man whom you made strong for yourself.”
  • Ps 80:3 — “Turn us again, God. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.”
  • Ps 80:8 — “You brought a vine out of Egypt. You drove out the nations, and planted it.”

Context & background

The "vine out of Egypt" (v. 8) is a compressed retelling of the exodus and conquest — brought out, enemies cleared, planted in Canaan (modern Israel/Palestine), growing from the sea (Mediterranean) to the River (Euphrates, modern Iraq). The vineyard imagery is developed further in Isaiah 5:1-7 and reaches its NT fulfillment in John 15:1-8 ("I am the true vine"). The reference to "the son of man at your right hand" (v. 17) is significant: Jesus uses the "Son of Man" title throughout the Gospels, and Hebrews 1:3 places Christ at the right hand. Many readers see verse 17 as the prayer finding its answer in Christ.

Cross-references

  • Hebrews 1:3 — Christ "sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high" — v. 17's fulfillment
  • Isaiah 5:1-7 — the parable of the vineyard that yielded wild grapes — v. 8-13's imagery
  • John 15:1-8 — "I am the true vine" — the ultimate fulfillment of the vine allegory
  • Matthew 26:64 — Jesus as "the Son of Man at the right hand of Power" — v. 17's fulfillment
  • Numbers 6:24-26 — the Aaronic blessing with its shining face — v. 3, 7, 19's refrain

Check your reading

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  1. Observe

    Trace the history of the vine (vv. 8-16). What did God do for it, and what has happened?

  2. Observe

    The refrain (vv. 3, 7, 19) repeats with variations. What do the variations add?

  3. Interpret

    What does it mean that God himself broke down what he built (v. 12)?

  4. Interpret

    What does it mean for God's face to shine on someone, and what does the opposite feel like?

  5. Apply

    How can devastation of something once fruitful be brought to God?

  6. Apply

    Is the prayer life characterized by asking God to revive, or by assuming self-managed renewal (v. 18)?

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