Proverbs 23 · WEB
Don't Wear Yourself Out to Get Rich
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Summary
Proverbs 23 is part of the "thirty sayings of the wise" collection and covers a range of practical matters: the danger of table ambition with powerful people (vv. 1-3), restlessness for riches (vv. 4-5), protecting the fatherless (vv. 10-11), parental discipline (vv. 13-14), the father's joy in a wise son (vv. 15-16, 24-25), giving God your heart (v. 26), and an extended, vivid description of the dangers of drunkenness (vv. 29-35). The chapter closes with one of the most psychologically accurate descriptions of alcoholism in ancient literature.
Themes
- Restlessness for wealth as futile — money flies away
- Parental joy and grief tied to children's wisdom and folly
- Envy of sinners as a spiritual trap — the antidote is the fear of God
- The heart as the ultimate gift to be given to wisdom and God
- The slavery of drunkenness — its deceptive beginning and devastating end
Key verses
- Prov 23:17-18 — “Don't let your heart envy sinners, but rather fear Yahweh all day long. Indeed there is a future hope for you.”
- Prov 23:26 — “My son, give me your heart; and let your eyes observe my ways.”
- Prov 23:4-5 — “Don't weary yourself to be rich... it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies toward the sky.”
Context & background
Proverbs 23:29-35 is the most sustained description of drunkenness in the Bible — an extended, almost clinical portrait that anticipates modern understanding of alcoholism. The "woe" questions (v. 29) build to a devastating picture of the drunkard who is beaten but doesn't feel it, who wakes up and wants more. The word "when will I wake up? I want more wine" (v. 35) is the voice of addiction. Verse 26 — "give me your heart" — is the most intimate appeal in Proverbs: the father (and ultimately God) asks for the heart itself, not just behavior. Matthew 22:37 ("love the Lord your God with all your heart") is the New Testament fulfillment of this appeal.
Cross-references
- 1 Timothy 6:9-10 — "the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil" — vv. 4-5
- Ephesians 5:18 — "do not get drunk on wine... be filled with the Spirit" — vv. 29-35
- Matthew 22:37 — "love the Lord your God with all your heart" — v. 26
- Matthew 6:19-21 — "do not store up treasures on earth" — vv. 4-5
- Psalm 73:3-17 — envy of sinners resolved by entering the sanctuary — v. 17's envy antidote