Bible Study Proverbs 23
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Proverbs 23 · WEB

Don't Wear Yourself Out to Get Rich

Listen — WEB narration 0:00 / 0:00 Narration: World English Bible (David Williams), public domain — AudioTreasure.

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When you sit down to eat with a ruler, consider carefully what is before you;
2and put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite.
3Don't be desirous of his delicacies, for it is deceptive food.
4Don't weary yourself to be rich. In your wisdom, show restraint.
5Why do you set your eyes on that which is not? For it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies toward the sky.
6Don't eat the food of one who has a stingy eye, and don't crave his delicacies;
7for as he thinks about the cost, so he is. "Eat and drink," he says to you, but his heart is not with you.
8You shall vomit up the morsel which you have eaten, and waste your pleasant words.
9Don't speak in the hearing of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words.
10Don't move the ancient boundary stone. Don't encroach on the fields of the fatherless,
11for their Redeemer is strong. He will plead their case against you.
12Apply your heart to instruction, and your ears to the words of knowledge.
13Don't withhold correction from a child. If you punish him with the rod, he will not die.
14Punish him with the rod, and save his soul from Sheol.
15My son, if your heart is wise, then my heart will be glad, even mine.
16Yes, my heart will rejoice when your lips speak what is right.
17Don't let your heart envy sinners, but rather fear Yahweh all day long.
18Indeed there is a future hope for you, and your hope will not be cut off.
19Listen, my son, and be wise, and keep your heart on the right path.
20Don't be among wine-bibbers, or among gluttonous eaters of meat;
21for the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty, and drowsiness will clothe them in rags.
22Listen to your father who gave you life, and don't despise your mother when she is old.
23Buy the truth, and don't sell it. Get wisdom, instruction, and understanding.
24The father of the righteous has great joy. He who fathers a wise child will have delight in him.
25Let your father and your mother be glad! Let her who bore you rejoice!
26My son, give me your heart; and let your eyes observe my ways.
27For a prostitute is a deep pit; and an adulteress is a narrow well.
28Yes, she lies in wait like a robber, and increases the treacherous among men.
29Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has strife? Who has complaints? Who has needless bruises? Who has bloodshot eyes?
30Those who stay long at the wine, those who go to seek out mixed wine.
31Don't look at the wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly.
32In the end, it bites like a snake, and poisons like a viper.
33Your eyes will see strange things, and your heart will utter perverse things.
34You will be as he who lies down in the middle of the sea, or as he who lies down on top of the rigging.
35"They struck me, and I was not hurt. They beat me, and I didn't feel it. When will I wake up? I want more wine."

Summary

Proverbs 23 is part of the "thirty sayings of the wise" collection and covers a range of practical matters: the danger of table ambition with powerful people (vv. 1-3), restlessness for riches (vv. 4-5), protecting the fatherless (vv. 10-11), parental discipline (vv. 13-14), the father's joy in a wise son (vv. 15-16, 24-25), giving God your heart (v. 26), and an extended, vivid description of the dangers of drunkenness (vv. 29-35). The chapter closes with one of the most psychologically accurate descriptions of alcoholism in ancient literature.

Themes

  • Restlessness for wealth as futile — money flies away
  • Parental joy and grief tied to children's wisdom and folly
  • Envy of sinners as a spiritual trap — the antidote is the fear of God
  • The heart as the ultimate gift to be given to wisdom and God
  • The slavery of drunkenness — its deceptive beginning and devastating end

Key verses

  • Prov 23:17-18 — “Don't let your heart envy sinners, but rather fear Yahweh all day long. Indeed there is a future hope for you.”
  • Prov 23:26 — “My son, give me your heart; and let your eyes observe my ways.”
  • Prov 23:4-5 — “Don't weary yourself to be rich... it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies toward the sky.”

Context & background

Proverbs 23:29-35 is the most sustained description of drunkenness in the Bible — an extended, almost clinical portrait that anticipates modern understanding of alcoholism. The "woe" questions (v. 29) build to a devastating picture of the drunkard who is beaten but doesn't feel it, who wakes up and wants more. The word "when will I wake up? I want more wine" (v. 35) is the voice of addiction. Verse 26 — "give me your heart" — is the most intimate appeal in Proverbs: the father (and ultimately God) asks for the heart itself, not just behavior. Matthew 22:37 ("love the Lord your God with all your heart") is the New Testament fulfillment of this appeal.

Cross-references

  • 1 Timothy 6:9-10 — "the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil" — vv. 4-5
  • Ephesians 5:18 — "do not get drunk on wine... be filled with the Spirit" — vv. 29-35
  • Matthew 22:37 — "love the Lord your God with all your heart" — v. 26
  • Matthew 6:19-21 — "do not store up treasures on earth" — vv. 4-5
  • Psalm 73:3-17 — envy of sinners resolved by entering the sanctuary — v. 17's envy antidote

Check your reading

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  1. Observe

    What is the description of the drunkard (vv. 29-35)?

  2. Observe

    What does v. 26 ask, and why is this most intimate?

  3. Interpret

    How does future hope change present envy?

  4. Interpret

    How does an addiction pattern get started?

  5. Apply

    Is there a goal one is wearing oneself out to achieve?

  6. Apply

    To what has one given the heart?

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