Bible Study Jeremiah 26
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Jeremiah 26 · WEB

Jeremiah on Trial for His Life

Listen — WEB narration 0:00 / 0:00 Narration: World English Bible (David Williams), public domain — AudioTreasure.

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In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, this word came from Yahweh, saying,
2"Yahweh says: 'Stand in the court of Yahweh's house, and speak to all the cities of Judah which come to worship in Yahweh's house, all the words that I command you to speak to them. Don't omit a word.
3It may be they will listen, and each turn from his evil way, that I may repent of the evil which I purpose to do to them because of the evil of their doings.'
4"You shall tell them, 'Yahweh says: "If you will not listen to me, to walk in my law, which I have set before you,
5to listen to the words of my servants the prophets, whom I send to you, even rising up early and sending them, but you have not listened,
6then I will make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth."'"
7The priests, the prophets, and all the people heard Jeremiah speaking these words in Yahweh's house.
8When Jeremiah had finished speaking all that Yahweh had commanded him to speak to all the people, the priests, the prophets, and all the people seized him, saying, "You shall surely die!
9Why have you prophesied in Yahweh's name, saying, 'This house will be like Shiloh, and this city will be desolate, without inhabitant'?" All the people were gathered to Jeremiah in Yahweh's house.
10When the princes of Judah heard these things, they came up from the king's house to Yahweh's house; and they sat in the entry of the new gate of Yahweh's house.
11Then the priests and the prophets spoke to the princes and to all the people, saying, "This man is worthy of death, for he has prophesied against this city, as you have heard with your ears."
12Then Jeremiah spoke to all the princes and to all the people, saying, "Yahweh sent me to prophesy against this house and against this city all the words that you have heard.
13Now therefore amend your ways and your doings, and obey Yahweh your God's voice; then Yahweh will repent of the evil that he has pronounced against you.
14But as for me, behold, I am in your hand. Do with me as is good and right in your eyes.
15Only know for certain that, if you put me to death, you will bring innocent blood on yourselves, on this city, and on its inhabitants; for in truth Yahweh has sent me to you to speak all these words in your ears."
16Then the princes and all the people said to the priests and to the prophets, "This man is not worthy of death; for he has spoken to us in the name of Yahweh our God."
17Then certain of the elders of the land rose up and spoke to all the assembly of the people, saying,
18"Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah. He said to all the people of Judah, 'Yahweh of Armies says: "Zion will be plowed as a field, Jerusalem will become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest."'
19Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him to death? Didn't he fear Yahweh, and entreat Yahweh's favor, and Yahweh relented of the disaster which he had pronounced against them? We are committing great evil against our own souls!"
20There was also a man who prophesied in Yahweh's name, Uriah the son of Shemaiah of Kiriath Jearim; and he prophesied against this city and against this land according to all the words of Jeremiah.
21When Jehoiakim the king, with all his mighty men and all the princes, heard his words, the king sought to put him to death; but when Uriah heard it, he was afraid, and fled, and went into Egypt.
22Then Jehoiakim the king sent men into Egypt, Elnathan the son of Achbor, and certain men with him, into Egypt;
23and they fetched Uriah out of Egypt, and brought him to Jehoiakim the king, who killed him with the sword, and cast his dead body into the graves of the common people.
24But the hand of Ahikam the son of Shaphan was with Jeremiah, so that they didn't give him into the hand of the people to put him to death.

Summary

Jeremiah 26 reads like a courtroom drama. God sends Jeremiah to the temple court to deliver the "Shiloh sermon" — if Judah does not repent, God will destroy the temple the way he destroyed Shiloh. The priests, prophets, and crowd seize Jeremiah and demand his execution for speaking against the city. When the royal officials arrive and convene a trial, Jeremiah defends himself simply: "Yahweh sent me." Wise elders cite the precedent of Micah, who prophesied the same thing a century earlier — and King Hezekiah repented instead of killing the prophet. The court acquits Jeremiah. But the chapter adds a chilling coda: another prophet named Uriah delivered the same message, fled to Egypt, and was extradited and executed by Jehoiakim. Jeremiah survived only because Ahikam son of Shaphan protected him.

Themes

  • The temple as no guarantee — God's house can be destroyed like Shiloh
  • The prophet on trial — truth-telling as a capital offense
  • Historical precedent as defense — the elders invoke Micah to save Jeremiah
  • The thin line between life and death — Jeremiah is spared; Uriah is not

Key verses

  • Jer 26:14-15 — “I am in your hand. Do with me as is good and right in your eyes. Only know for certain that, if you put me to death, you will bring innocent blood on yourselves.”
  • Jer 26:18-19 — “Micah the Morashtite prophesied... 'Zion will be plowed as a field.' Did Hezekiah... put him to death?”
  • Jer 26:6 — “I will make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth.”

Context & background

This sermon is the narrative account of the temple sermon summarized in Jeremiah 7. Shiloh (modern Khirbet Seilun in the West Bank, Palestine) was the site of the tabernacle during the period of the Judges. It was destroyed — likely by the Philistines around 1050 BC after the capture of the ark (1 Samuel 4) — and archaeological evidence confirms its destruction. To compare Jerusalem's temple to Shiloh was to declare the unthinkable: God's presence could leave the temple. Micah of Moresheth (v. 18, modern Tell el-Judeideh in southern Israel) had prophesied the same thing a century earlier (Micah 3:12), and King Hezekiah responded with repentance rather than violence — making Hezekiah the positive model and Jehoiakim the negative one. Uriah's fate (vv. 20-23) shows that Jeremiah's survival was not inevitable — Jehoiakim was willing to kill prophets. Ahikam son of Shaphan (v. 24) came from a powerful family loyal to Josiah's reforms; his father Shaphan was the scribe who read the rediscovered Torah to Josiah (2 Kings 22:8-10), and his son Gedaliah would later govern Judah after the fall of Jerusalem.

Cross-references

  • 1 Samuel 4:1-11 — The destruction of Shiloh and capture of the ark by the Philistines
  • 2 Kings 22:8-10 — Shaphan the scribe, Ahikam's father, reading the Torah to Josiah
  • Jeremiah 7:1-15 — The temple sermon in Jeremiah's own words, the speech that triggered this trial
  • Matthew 26:59-66 — Jesus on trial before the Sanhedrin for speaking against the temple
  • Micah 3:12 — "Zion will be plowed like a field" — the precedent cited to save Jeremiah

Check your reading

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  1. Observe

    What sanctuary does God say Jerusalem's temple will become like (v. 6)?

  2. Observe

    Who protected Jeremiah from being handed over to the people (v. 24)?

  3. Interpret

    What is the nature of Jeremiah's surrender "I am in your hand" (v. 14)?

  4. Interpret

    What does the contrast between Jeremiah (spared) and Uriah (killed) teach about faithfulness?

  5. Apply

    How should one stay open to prophetic correction that threatens cherished institutions (vv. 7-11)?

  6. Apply

    How can one become an "Ahikam" for someone vulnerable (v. 24)?

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